How to Defend Against Ollama Path Traversal and Grandstream VoIP Exploits

Introduction

The latest Metasploit framework update, released on February 27, 2026, introduces several critical new exploitation capabilities that defenders need to address immediately. This update includes modules for attacking popular AI infrastructure and VoIP systems, highlighting the evolving threat landscape facing organizations today. Understanding these new attack vectors is crucial for strengthening your defensive posture and preventing potential breaches.

Technical Analysis

The Metasploit update introduces four major concerns for security teams:

CVE-2024-37032: Ollama Path Traversal Leading to Code Execution

Ollama, a popular framework for running large language models locally, contains a critical path traversal vulnerability that allows attackers to chain arbitrary file writes into unauthenticated root code execution. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as AI infrastructure has become increasingly prevalent in enterprise environments.

Affected Systems: Ollama versions prior to the latest security patch Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8) Attack Vector: Network-based exploitation via path manipulation

CVE-2026-2329: Grandstream GXP1600 Stack Overflow

Grandstream GXP1600 series VoIP phones contain a stack overflow vulnerability that can be exploited for remote code execution. The Metasploit module includes post-exploitation capabilities for credential harvesting and SIP interception, allowing attackers to capture sensitive communication data.

Affected Systems: Grandstream GXP1600 series VoIP devices Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.1) Attack Vector: Network-based exploitation via crafted SIP packets

CVE-2026-1731: BeyondTrust PRA/RS Command Injection

The BeyondTrust Privileged Remote Access/Remote Support (PRA/RS) platform now has updated exploitation support for a command injection vulnerability. This could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands with elevated privileges on systems using this privileged access management solution.

Affected Systems: BeyondTrust PRA/RS platforms with unpatched versions Severity: High (CVSS 8.8) Attack Vector: Network-based exploitation via malicious input

ARM64 RC4 Encryption with Sleep-Based Evasion

New evasion capabilities targeting ARM64 architectures have been added, allowing attackers to bypass sleep-based detection mechanisms. This represents an advancement in evasion techniques that could allow malicious activity to avoid detection by traditional security monitoring tools.

Defensive Monitoring

To detect potential exploitation attempts and verify patch status, implement the following monitoring queries in your security operations environment.

Detect Ollama Path Traversal Attempts (KQL)

// Detect potential path traversal patterns in Ollama API requests
let suspiciousPatterns = dynamic(["..", "%2e%2e", "%252e%252e", "../", "..\\"]);
DeviceNetworkEvents
| where RemoteUrl contains "ollama" or RemotePort == 11434
| where RequestUrl has_any(suspiciousPatterns) or InitiatingProcessFileName in ("python", "curl", "perl", "ruby")
| project Timestamp, DeviceName, InitiatingProcessAccountName, RemoteUrl, RequestUrl, RemoteIP
| order by Timestamp desc

Detect Grandstream VoIP Exploitation Attempts (KQL)

// Detect abnormal SIP traffic patterns targeting Grandstream devices
let grandstreamUA = "Grandstream";
DeviceNetworkEvents
| where RemotePort == 5060 or LocalPort == 5060
| where NetworkProtocol == "UDP" and (UserAgent contains grandstreamUA or AdditionalFields contains grandstreamUA)
| where SentBytes > 1500 or ReceivedBytes > 1500
| project Timestamp, DeviceName, RemoteIP, RemotePort, SentBytes, ReceivedBytes, UserAgent
| order by Timestamp desc

Verify Ollama Patch Status (PowerShell)

# Check Ollama version across the organization
$ollamaPath = "C:\Users\*\AppData\Local\Programs\Ollama"
if (Test-Path $ollamaPath) {
    $versions = Get-ChildItem -Path $ollamaPath -Recurse -Filter "ollama.exe" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | 
                Select-Object FullName, @{
                    Name = 'Version'
                    Expression = {
                        (& $_.FullName --version 2>&1) -replace 'ollama version is ', ''
                    }
                }
    $versions | Format-Table -AutoSize
}

Monitor BeyondTrust PRA/RS for Command Injection Attempts (KQL)

// Detect potential command injection attempts against BeyondTrust PRA/RS
DeviceProcessEvents
| where InitiatingProcessFileName contains "beyond" or ProcessVersionInfoCompanyName contains "BeyondTrust"
| where ProcessCommandLine has_any("|", ";", "&", "$(", "`", "||", "&&") and ProcessCommandLine has_any("cmd", "powershell", "sh", "bash")
| project Timestamp, DeviceName, AccountName, ProcessCommandLine, InitiatingProcessFileName
| order by Timestamp desc

Detect ARM64 Evasion Patterns (PowerShell)

# Check for suspicious sleep patterns that may indicate evasion
$processes = Get-Process | Where-Object {
    $_.MainWindowTitle -match "sleep|evasion|rc4" -or 
    $_.ProcessName -match "python|perl|ruby|powershell"
}
foreach ($proc in $processes) {
    try {
        $modules = $proc.Modules | Where-Object { $_.FileName -match "rc4|crypt|evasion" }
        if ($modules) {
            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ProcessName = $proc.ProcessName
                PID = $proc.Id
                SuspiciousModules = ($modules | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FileName) -join ", "
            }
        }
    } catch {}
}

Remediation

Implement the following specific actions to protect your organization against these vulnerabilities:

For Ollama CVE-2024-37032

1. Update Immediately: Upgrade Ollama to the latest patched version from the official repository.
2. Network Segmentation: Isolate Ollama instances from untrusted networks and restrict API access to trusted IPs only.
3. Authentication: Ensure all Ollama instances require proper authentication before accepting API requests.
4. WAF Configuration: Configure web application firewalls to block path traversal attempts targeting Ollama endpoints.

For Grandstream GXP1600 CVE-2026-2329

1. Firmware Update: Apply the latest security firmware patches to all Grandstream GXP1600 devices.
2. SIP Security: Implement SIP over TLS (SIPS) and SRTP for encrypted voice communications.
3. VoIP Network Segregation: Isolate VoIP traffic on a separate VLAN with strict firewall rules.
4. Monitoring: Deploy specialized VoIP monitoring solutions to detect abnormal SIP traffic patterns and potential exploitation attempts.

For BeyondTrust PRA/RS CVE-2026-1731

1. Patch Deployment: Apply the BeyondTrust security update addressing CVE-2026-1731 immediately.
2. Input Validation: Ensure all inputs to BeyondTrust systems are properly validated and sanitized.
3. Privileged Access Monitoring: Implement strict monitoring of all privileged access sessions.
4. Review Access Controls: Audit and restrict privileged access to only necessary users and systems.

For ARM64 Evasion Techniques

1. Endpoint Detection: Deploy advanced endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of identifying evasion techniques.
2. Behavioral Monitoring: Implement behavioral analysis to detect unusual process execution patterns.
3. Memory Integrity: Enable memory integrity features on ARM64 devices where available.
4. Regular Scans: Conduct regular vulnerability and threat hunting exercises targeting ARM64 systems.

General Recommendations

1. Vulnerability Scanning: Implement regular automated scanning for these specific vulnerabilities across your environment.
2. Patch Management: Establish a formal patch management process with prioritization based on CVSS scores.
3. Threat Intelligence: Subscribe to threat intelligence feeds that provide early warning of new exploitation modules.
4. Incident Response: Update your incident response playbooks to include specific procedures for these vulnerabilities.

Related Resources

Security Arsenal Alert Triage Automation AlertMonitor Platform Book a SOC Assessment platform Intel Hub