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The Gentlemen Ransomware Group — TukTuk C2 v2.0 Framework & EDRKiller BYOVD Toolkit: OTX Pulse Analysis + Enterprise Detection Pack

SA
Security Arsenal Team
September 3, 2026
10 min read

Threat Summary

A newly published AlienVault OTX pulse (TLP:WHITE) details a significant intelligence win against The Gentlemen, a ransomware operation targeting U.S. organizations in the Defense, Healthcare, Technology, and Aerospace sectors. Analysis of seized/observed server infrastructure revealed a complete, operational TukTuk C2 framework (version 2.0) — a full-spectrum command-and-control platform with cross-platform Windows and Linux agents, backend infrastructure, and a management panel for operators.

Critically, the server contained eb.sys, matching the GentleKiller driver component, alongside a structured EDR neutralization curriculum — four progressive lessons covering BYOVD (Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver) techniques and vulnerable driver exploitation. This indicates The Gentlemen is not just deploying off-the-shelf tooling; they are training operators to systematically blind endpoint defenses before ransomware or data-theft payloads execute.

The intrusion chain supported by this framework is consistent with modern double-extortion tradecraft:

  1. Initial access & staging — tooling artifacts tagged in the pulse reference Greenshot (screen capture utility abused for data collection/surveillance) and Jira exfiltration, suggesting living-off-the-land data theft through legitimate SaaS channels.
  2. Defense evasion — deployment of signed-but-vulnerable drivers (eb.sys / GentleKiller / EDRKiller / WarsawKiller / UnknownKiller) to terminate or blind EDR/AV processes from kernel mode.
  3. Command & control — TukTuk v2.0 agents (Windows and Linux) beaconing to operator infrastructure, including the observed domain borjumaniya.store.
  4. Exfiltration & extortion — theft of sensitive defense/aerospace/healthcare data via legitimate collaboration platforms (Jira), followed by ransomware deployment and leak-site pressure.

The presence of multiple "Killer" family drivers (GentleKiller, EDRKiller, WarsawKiller, UnknownKiller) indicates a mature, iterating defense-evasion pipeline — likely maintained as a core differentiator of this group's RaaS or closed-operation model.

Threat Actor / Malware Profile

The Gentlemen (Adversary)

A ransomware collective focused on high-value U.S. verticals. Targeting of Defense and Aerospace suggests either deliberate geopolitical-adjacent victim selection or pure profit maximization against organizations with low tolerance for operational downtime and high data sensitivity.

TukTuk C2 Framework (v2.0)

  • Architecture: Full C2 stack — Windows agent, Linux agent, backend server, web management panel.
  • Distribution: Deployed post-compromise as the primary post-exploitation implant; likely staged after initial access brokers or direct exploitation.
  • C2 Communication: Agents beacon to operator-controlled domains; borjumaniya.store is confirmed live infrastructure. Expect HTTPS with potentially custom protocol layering.
  • Cross-platform: Linux agent support signals intent to hit ESXi virtualization hosts and Linux servers — a hallmark of enterprise-scale ransomware operations seeking maximum blast radius.

GentleKiller / EDRKiller / WarsawKiller / UnknownKiller (BYOVD Toolset)

  • Payload behavior: Loads a legitimately signed but vulnerable kernel driver (eb.sys observed), then abuses it to kill or suspend EDR/AV processes from kernel space — bypassing user-mode protected process light (PPL) defenses.
  • Persistence: Driver installation creates durable kernel footholds; service creation via sc.exe or direct registry service key manipulation is typical.
  • Anti-analysis: The four-lesson EDR neutralization training material on the server shows the group standardizes defense evasion across operators — expect consistent tooling fingerprints across intrusions.

Data Theft Tooling

  • Greenshot: Legitimate screenshot utility abused for surveillance and credential/IP capture from victim screens.
  • Jira exfiltration: Stolen data funneled through Atlassian Jira instances — blending exfil traffic with sanctioned SaaS egress to evade DLP and perimeter inspection.

IOC Analysis

The pulse contains 11 indicators across two types:

TypeCountExampleOperationalization
Domain1borjumaniya.storeBlock at DNS sinkhole, web proxy, and EDR network layer; retro-hunt 90 days of DNS/proxy logs
FileHash (MD5/SHA1/SHA256)1097bd65e9...be091, 4e5136230ec590ce6ef038aac6e72cb2Push SHA256 set to EDR blocklists; hash-sweep via Velociraptor/osquery fleet-wide

Operational guidance for SOC teams:

  • Hashes: The multi-algorithm representation (MD5 + SHA1 + SHA256 for the same samples) enables matching across tooling with differing hash support. Prioritize SHA256 for modern EDR blocklists. Note that driver files like eb.sys may be re-signed or repacked — hash blocking alone is insufficient; pair with behavioral detection for driver-load events.
  • Domain: borjumaniya.store is a low-cost TLD registration typical of disposable C2. Add to DNS RPZ, proxy deny lists, and TLS SNI-based detection. Pivot on the domain in passive DNS (VirusTotal, PassiveTotal, SecurityTrails) to identify sibling infrastructure — TukTuk operators will rotate domains but reuse registrars, name servers, and hosting ASNs.
  • Tooling: Decode/enrich indicators using the OTX DirectConnect API, AbuseIPDB/VT for domain reputation, and Malshare/Hybrid-Analysis for hash pivots. Map driver hashes against the loldrivers.io vulnerable driver database — GentleKiller components almost certainly leverage known vulnerable signed drivers.

Detection Engineering

YAML
---
title: The Gentlemen BYOVD - Vulnerable Driver Load (GentleKiller / EDRKiller)
id: 8f3a1c2e-7b41-4e9a-b6d2-tuktuk000001
description: Detects loading of known vulnerable or Gentlemen-associated kernel drivers including eb.sys used by GentleKiller/EDRKiller for EDR neutralization
status: experimental
author: Security Arsenal Threat Intelligence
logsource:
    category: driver_load
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_filename:
        ImageLoaded|endswith:
            - '\eb.sys'
            - '\gentlekiller.sys'
            - '\edrkiller.sys'
            - '\warsawkiller.sys'
    selection_hash:
        Hashes|contains:
            - '97bd65e98cdc4e93d49edd4ea905d43a61244df0fd3323e6649330de3b1be091'
            - 'e2b31ac7ee077b26332444a83a68ab75be641113e7d86979d844a0f3478f01f9'
            - 'e74088419de2e5b47b1889f2ba1369cb4b436405ce03cf07da452791681f9923'
            - '096ec37870eb401793592c9b53b5b52fc7a70b113bc2d9cd3f53231142d6c584'
    condition: selection_filename or selection_hash
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate signed drivers being abused (BYOVD) - investigate any match as high severity
level: critical
tags:
    - attack.defense_evasion
    - attack.t1068
    - attack.t1562.001
date: 2026/09/04
---
title: The Gentlemen TukTuk C2 - Agent Beacon to Known C2 Domain
id: 8f3a1c2e-7b41-4e9a-b6d2-tuktuk000002
description: Detects DNS resolution or network connection to confirmed TukTuk C2 v2.0 infrastructure domain
status: experimental
author: Security Arsenal Threat Intelligence
logsource:
    category: dns
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        query|contains:
            - 'borjumaniya.store'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Threat research activity
level: critical
tags:
    - attack.command_and_control
    - attack.t1071.001
date: 2026/09/04
---
title: The Gentlemen - Greenshot Surveillance and Service-Based Driver Install
id: 8f3a1c2e-7b41-4e9a-b6d2-tuktuk000003
description: Detects suspicious execution of Greenshot for screen-capture surveillance or sc.exe service creation for driver staging consistent with The Gentlemen tradecraft
status: experimental
author: Security Arsenal Threat Intelligence
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection_greenshot:
        Image|endswith: '\greenshot.exe'
        ParentImage|endswith:
            - '\powershell.exe'
            - '\cmd.exe'
            - '\wscript.exe'
            - '\rundll32.exe'
    selection_scdriver:
        Image|endswith: '\sc.exe'
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'create'
            - 'type= kernel'
    condition: selection_greenshot or selection_scdriver
falsepositives:
    - Greenshot legitimately deployed by IT (filter by software inventory)
    - Administrative driver installation during maintenance windows
level: high
tags:
    - attack.collection
    - attack.t1113
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.t1543.003
date: 2026/09/04
KQL — Microsoft Sentinel / Defender
// The Gentlemen - TukTuk C2 & BYOVD Hunt (Microsoft Sentinel)
// Part 1: Network connections / DNS to confirmed TukTuk C2 infrastructure
let C2Domain = "borjumaniya.store";
let KnownHashes = dynamic([
    "97bd65e98cdc4e93d49edd4ea905d43a61244df0fd3323e6649330de3b1be091",
    "e2b31ac7ee077b26332444a83a68ab75be641113e7d86979d844a0f3478f01f9",
    "e74088419de2e5b47b1889f2ba1369cb4b436405ce03cf07da452791681f9923",
    "096ec37870eb401793592c9b53b5b52fc7a70b113bc2d9cd3f53231142d6c584"
]);
let NetHits = DeviceNetworkEvents
| where TimeGenerated > ago(30d)
| where RemoteUrl has C2Domain or RemoteUrl endswith ".store"
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, InitiatingProcessFileName, InitiatingProcessCommandLine, RemoteUrl, RemoteIP, ActionType;
let DnsHits = DeviceEvents
| where TimeGenerated > ago(30d)
| where ActionType == "DnsQueryResponse"
| where AdditionalFields has C2Domain
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, ActionType, AdditionalFields;
// Part 2: BYOVD driver load or hash match
let DriverHits = DeviceEvents
| where TimeGenerated > ago(30d)
| where ActionType == "DriverLoad"
| where FileName has_any ("eb.sys", "gentlekiller", "edrkiller", "warsawkiller")
    or SHA256 in~ (KnownHashes)
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, ActionType, FileName, FolderPath, SHA256, InitiatingProcessFileName;
// Part 3: Kernel service creation (driver staging) by non-admin tooling
let SvcHits = DeviceProcessEvents
| where TimeGenerated > ago(30d)
| where FileName =~ "sc.exe"
| where ProcessCommandLine has_all ("create", "kernel")
| project TimeGenerated, DeviceName, AccountName, ProcessCommandLine, InitiatingProcessFileName;
NetHits
| union DnsHits, DriverHits, SvcHits
| sort by TimeGenerated desc
PowerShell
# The Gentlemen - TukTuk C2 / GentleKiller BYOVD Hunt Script
# Run elevated on endpoints or via your RMM/EDR remote shell

$ErrorActionPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'
$findings = @()

# --- 1. Hash sweep for known GentleKiller / TukTuk artifacts ---
$targetHashes = @(
    '97bd65e98cdc4e93d49edd4ea905d43a61244df0fd3323e6649330de3b1be091',
    'e2b31ac7ee077b26332444a83a68ab75be641113e7d86979d844a0f3478f01f9',
    'e74088419de2e5b47b1889f2ba1369cb4b436405ce03cf07da452791681f9923',
    '096ec37870eb401793592c9b53b5b52fc7a70b113bc2d9cd3f53231142d6c584'
)

$scanPaths = @("$env:SystemRoot\System32\drivers", "$env:TEMP", "$env:ProgramData", "$env:SystemRoot\Temp")
foreach ($path in $scanPaths) {
    Get-ChildItem -Path $path -Recurse -File -Include *.sys,*.exe,*.dll | ForEach-Object {
        $h = (Get-FileHash -Algorithm SHA256 $_.FullName).Hash.ToLower()
        if ($targetHashes -contains $h) {
            $findings += [PSCustomObject]@{ Type='HashMatch'; Path=$_.FullName; Hash=$h }
        }
    }
}

# --- 2. Check for suspicious kernel drivers (eb.sys and Killer-family) ---
Get-ChildItem "$env:SystemRoot\System32\drivers" -Filter *.sys |
    Where-Object { $_.Name -match '^(eb|gentlekiller|edrkiller|warsawkiller|unknownkiller)' } |
    ForEach-Object {
        $sig = Get-AuthenticodeSignature $_.FullName
        $findings += [PSCustomObject]@{ Type='SuspiciousDriver'; Path=$_.FullName; Hash=(Get-FileHash $_.FullName).Hash; Signature=$sig.Status }
    }

# --- 3. Registry: kernel service entries created recently (driver staging) ---
Get-ChildItem 'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services' | ForEach-Object {
    $p = Get-ItemProperty $_.PsPath
    if ($p.Type -eq 1 -and $p.ImagePath -match 'eb\.sys|killer') {
        $findings += [PSCustomObject]@{ Type='KernelServiceReg'; Path=$_.Name; Hash=$p.ImagePath }
    }
}

# --- 4. Network: active connections or DNS cache hits for TukTuk C2 ---
$dnsHits = Get-DnsClientCache | Where-Object { $_.Entry -match 'borjumaniya\.store' }
foreach ($d in $dnsHits) {
    $findings += [PSCustomObject]@{ Type='DNSCacheHit'; Path=$d.Entry; Hash=$d.Data }
}
Get-NetTCPConnection -State Established | Where-Object {
    (Resolve-DnsName $_.RemoteAddress -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).NameHost -match 'borjumaniya\.store'
} | ForEach-Object {
    $findings += [PSCustomObject]@{ Type='C2Connection'; Path="$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort) -> $($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"; Hash=(Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess).Path }
}

# --- 5. Greenshot surveillance artifacts ---
$greenshot = Get-Process greenshot -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($greenshot) {
    $findings += [PSCustomObject]@{ Type='GreenshotRunning'; Path=$greenshot.Path; Hash=(Get-FileHash $greenshot.Path).Hash }
}

$findings | Format-Table -AutoSize
if ($findings.Count -gt 0) {
    Write-Host "[!] $($findings.Count) indicator(s) found - escalate to IR immediately" -ForegroundColor Red
    $findings | Export-Csv ".\tuktuk_hunt_$env:COMPUTERNAME.csv" -NoTypeInformation
} else {
    Write-Host "[+] No TukTuk/GentleKiller indicators found on $env:COMPUTERNAME" -ForegroundColor Green
}

Response Priorities

Immediate (0–4 hours):

  • Block borjumaniya.store at DNS resolver, web proxy, and EDR network layer; sinkhole at internal DNS.
  • Push all four SHA256 hashes (and associated MD5/SHA1) to EDR blocklists and email/web gateways.
  • Sweep the fleet for eb.sys and any recently created kernel services (Sigma rules + PowerShell script above).
  • Verify EDR tamper-protection is enabled and audit any EDR sensor that went dark unexpectedly in the last 30 days — a silent sensor is a hallmark of EDRKiller-style neutralization.

24 hours:

  • Retro-hunt 90 days of DNS, proxy, and firewall logs for .store TLD anomalies and the confirmed C2 domain; identify any beaconing hosts for isolation and memory capture.
  • If any TukTuk agent or exfiltration tooling is confirmed, initiate enterprise-wide credential reset — treat all credentials on touched systems (and any accounts they accessed, including Jira service accounts) as compromised. Rotate service accounts, API tokens, and Atlassian/Jira OAuth credentials specifically, given the observed Jira exfiltration vector.
  • Review Jira audit logs for bulk issue exports, anomalous attachment downloads, or unfamiliar OAuth app authorizations.
  • Validate Greenshot (and other screen-capture tools) against approved software inventory; flag unsanctioned installations.

1 week:

  • Implement a vulnerable driver blocklist via Microsoft Driver Block Rules / WDAC policy and enable the Windows "Microsoft Vulnerable Driver Blocklist" feature — this is the durable countermeasure to BYOVD.
  • Enforce block of driver installs by non-admin accounts; alert on sc.exe create ... type= kernel from any context.
  • Restrict egress to unsanctioned SaaS tenants (tenant restrictions for Atlassian cloud) and enable DLP inspection on Jira/Confluence traffic.
  • Harden Linux server/ESXi estates with EDR coverage — TukTuk's Linux agent means hypervisor and server tiers are in scope, not just Windows endpoints.
  • Brief SOC on The Gentlemen's operator training model: expect consistent TTPs across intrusions, so tune detections once and reuse.

Related Resources

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